Modul Bahasa Inggris SMA

CLASS 10

ANNOUNCEMENT

Generic Structure and Purpose of Announcement

        Once again we want to share about Functional text. In this care we want to share about Generic Structure and Purpose of Announcement. Although the title is Generic Structure and Purpose of Announcement but in this session we will discuss about the definition, purpose, generic structure, language feature, kinds and the example of Announcement. (also read : Generic Structure of Notice Text)

Let’s go to the material of Generic Structure and Purpose of Announcement:

Definition of Announcement

        An announcement is a written or spoken statement in public or formal words containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen so publicly people know what, when, and where it is about.

Function of Announcement

        An announcement is used for giving people some information of what has happened or what will happen.

Generic Structure of Announcement

1. Stating Purpose: The text that contains what event will be held
2. Stating Day and Date: Day and Date realization. The text that contains when the event will be held
3. Stating Place: The text that contains where the event will be held
4. Informing Sender: The text that contains name of the person who will be contacted

Language Feature of Announcement

• Using Simple Present Tense and simple future tense.

Example of words used in announcement

1. a) Due to some technical problems, the show will…
2. b) We apologize for the inconvenience
3. c) Hi, Guys! Our neighborhood will hold a fund Raising Activity next month

• Using exact noun
• Pronunciation and Intonation (spoken announcement)
• Spelling and Punctuation

Kinds of Announcement

1. public service announcements,
2. high school graduation announcements,
3. college graduation announcements,
4. engagement announcements,
5. marriage and wedding announcements,
6. pregnancy announcements,
7. birth announcements,
8. adoption announcements,
9. school student’s organization announcements,
10. save the date announcements,
11. moving announcements,
12. business announcements,
13. job announcements,
14. promotion announcements,
15. retirement announcements,
16. funeral announcements
17. lost and found
18. etc.

        After discussing about Generic Structure and Purpose of Announcement, it’s including the definition, purpose, generic structure, language feature, kinds and the example of Announcement, now the example of announcement to understand better on what and how an announcement is written. Here they are:

Attention! This announcement is addressed to all 12 graders of SMA Taruna Sidoarjo. Please attend the additional lessons that will be held on September 24th 2016 until March 28th 2017 for having final preparation for the final exam. All students are required to take an additional class to be successful in national exam.

School Announcement

ANNOUNCEMENT To : All Students of SMPN 1 Tarik There will be a welcoming ceremony next Monday, September 21, 2016, to welcome the exchange students Program from Japan. All students must wear Batik uniforms. And must be polite. Be punctual! From : The Principal of SMPN 1 Tarik NARRATIVE

Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing on specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative
A narrative text will consists of the following structure:
1.Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2.Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3.Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Pengertian dan Generic Structure Narrative

Language Features of Narrative
·Using processes verb
·Using temporal conjunction
·Using Simple Past Tense

A text of narrative has the biggest portion to study when you are in high schools. Every semester, in all academic years, students and teachers will give much attention on this kind of text.

Example of narative text

A Woman and the Wolves

A long time ago, very few people lived in the New Territories. There were only a few villages. If the people wanted to go from one village to another, they often had to pass through wild and unsafe forest.

One day, a farmer’s young wife went to the next village to visit her own mother and brother. She brought along her baby son. When it was time for her to leave, her brother said “ it is getting dark. Let my son, Ah Tim go with you though the forest.”

So Ah Tim led the way and the young woman followed behind, carrying her baby. When they were in the forest, suddenly they saw a group of wolves. They began to run to avoid the danger, but Ah Tim kicked against a stone and fell down. At once the wolves caught him. The young woman cried to the wolves, “ please eat my own son instead.” Then, she put her baby son on the ground in front of the wolves and took her nephew away.

Everyone understood that this was because the woman was very good and kind. She had offered her own son’s life to save her nephew.

They ran back to the house and called for help. All men in the village fetched thick sticks and went back with her into the forest. When they got there, they saw something very strange. Instead of eating the woman’s baby the wolves were playing with him.

RECOUNT

What is Recount?

1. 1.      Definition of Recount

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

1. 2.      Generic Structure of Recount

1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time

2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past

3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

1. 3.      Language Feature of Recount

• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

• Using simple past tense

1. 4.      Examples and structures of the text

Our trip to the Blue Mountain
Orientation	On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.
Events	On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went shopping with Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats. On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatoos having a shower.
Reorientation	In the afternoon we went home.

Example of Recount text

1. A.     Vacation to London

Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London

They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way.

On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.

The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.

The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

1. B.      Between Recount and Narrative

Something which happened in the past is the main resource to compose both recount and narrative text. In writer’s point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be what the writer has done, hear, read, and felt. Composing recount and narrative is retelling the experiences of the past event to be a present event.

What does recount differ from narrative?

The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the generic structure. Recount text presents the past experiences in order of time or place; what happened on Sunday, then on Monday, the on Tuesday. In simple way, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not expose the struggle on how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. On the other hand, narrative introduces crises and how to solve them. Narrative text always appear as a hard potrait of participant’s past experience. It reveals the conflict among the participants. Cinderella’s conflicts with her step mother and sister are the example. The conflict is the most important element in a narrative text. Narrative without comflicts is not narrative any more.

1. D.     My Horrible Experience

Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week. When the earthquake happened, I was on my car. I was driving home from my vocation to Bali.

Suddenly my car lunched to one side, to the left. I thought I got flat tire. I did not know that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an earthquake when I saw some telephone and electricity poles falling down to the ground, like matchsticks.

Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbling across the road. I was trapped by the rock. Even I could not move my car at all. There were rocks everywhere. There was nothing I could do but left the car and walked along way to my house, in the town.

When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost nothing left. The earthquake made a lot of damage to my town. Although nothing was left, I thanked God that nobody was seriously injured.

Generic Structure Analysis

Orientation; introducing the participant, using first person point of view, I was on the car las week.

Events; describing a series of event which happened. The car lunched to one side. Telephone and electricity poles was falling down, etc.

Re-orientation; stating the writer’s personal note. Thanking God because nobody was seriously injured.

Language Feature Analysis

• Using personal participant; I
• Using chronological connectives; then, and, suddenly
• Using linking verb; was, were
• Using action verb; moved, left, walked, made, etc
• Using simple past tense pattern; earthquake happened, I was on the car, my car lunched on one side, etc

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

1. 1.      The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

1. 2.      The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text has structure as below:

• Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
• Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

1. 3.      The Language Feature of Descriptive Text

• Using attributive and identifying process.
• Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
• Using simple present tense

1. 4.      Examples and structures of the text

MacQuarie University
Identification	Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th anniversary.
Description	The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect. One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts. Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.

Example of Description

1. A.     My Friend’s New Shoes

I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her.

Her new blowfish women’s shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.

She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men’s shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.

1. B.      Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.

Generic Structure Analysis

• Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur temple
• Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics

Language Feature Analysis

• Using adjective and classifiers; valuable
• Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc

CLASS XI

INVITATION

Definition of invitation

 

1 [count] : a written or spoken request for someone to go somewhere or to do something

• We sent out more than 100 invitations for the party.
• He accepted/declined our invitation.
• an invitation to lunch/dinner

[+] more examples

2 

[noncount] : the act of inviting someone

• She attended the fund-raiser at the invitation of the committee chairperson. [=she attended because she was invited by the committee chairperson]
• The event is by invitation only. [=only people who have been invited to the event can attend it]

3 

[singular] : something that encourages someone to do something or that makes something more likely to happen — + to

• She treated his request for help as an invitation to take control of his life.
• Leaving valuables unattended is an (open) invitation to thieves (to steal them).
• His letter to the newspaper was an invitation to criticism.
• Speeding is an invitation to disaster/trouble.

Purpose of Invitation

        Based on the definition above, it can be concluded that the main purpose of an invitation is to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something or ask someone to participate a particular even & activity.

Generic Structure of Invitation is:

1. Including event title: including the purpose or type of event will be held.
2. Showing orientation: inform about what will or who will come.
3. Stating date and time: including when or where the event will be held.
4. Giving closing statement: including hope of the writer to the reader to come to his or her event.

Note:

        Sometimes we find the initials R.S.V.P. at the end of an invitation. These initials stand for the French phrase “Repondez S’il Vous Plait,” which means “Please Respond”. It means that the person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not.

Kinds of Invitation

        Actually there are many kinds of invitation text, however, here we just focus on kinds of invitation card, and as we know there are also many kinds of invitation cards, some of them are:

1. Anniversary invitation card
2. Reunion invitation card
3. Birthday invitation card
4. Business invitation card
5. Lebaran day invitation card
6. Christmas invitation card
7. Valentine invitation card
8. Wedding invitation card
9. Reception invitation card
10. Ceremony invitation card
11. Halloween party invitation card
12. Response invitation card
13. Mother’s day invitation card
14. Father’s day invitation card
15. Graduation invitation card
16. Thanksgiving invitation card
17. and etc.

Example of Invitation Card

For example 1, look at the picture above the title.

PERSONAL LETTER

Definition of personal letter

Personal letter is a letter that is used for private purposes and it relates toa private matter between a person with another person. Sample personal letter: Letter to the parents of a child or a letter sent someone to his friend.

Structure of personal letter

1. Date : Date when the letter is writen (top left).
2. Address : Place where you are writing fron (top right).
3. Salutation & Name : Greeting and the person’s name you are writing to.
4. Introduction : The opening of the letter usually starts with “how are you?” or refers to previous letter.
5. Body : The main part of the letter. It includes what you want to write to the other person.
6. Closure : The part indicates the letter is going to end.
7. Complimentary close : Short expressions like “love you” , “sincerely yours” , “love”.
8. Signature : Signature or initials of the writer.
9. Postscript P.S : After thougt in a letter. You begin with P.S. and end it with your initials.

The content of personal letter were

1.      An apology letter

2.      Acknowledgemenets

3.      Congratulations

4.      Invite {invitation}